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Oklahoma!
''Oklahoma!'' is the first musical written by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and librettist Oscar Hammerstein II. The musical is based on Lynn Riggs' 1931 play, ''Green Grow the Lilacs''. Set in Oklahoma Territory outside the town of Claremore in 1906, it tells the story of cowboy Curly McLain and his romance with farm girl Laurey Williams. A secondary romance concerns cowboy Will Parker and his flirtatious fiancée, Ado Annie.
The original Broadway production opened on March 31, 1943. It was a box-office smash and ran for an unprecedented 2,212 performances, later enjoying award-winning revivals, national tours, foreign productions and an Academy Award-winning 1955 film adaptation. It has long been a popular choice for school and community productions.〔''Time'' magazine reported in its (May 26, 2008 issue ), p. 51, that ''Oklahoma!'' tied (with ''Bye Bye Birdie'') as the eighth most frequently produced musical by U.S. high schools in 2007.〕 Rodgers and Hammerstein won a special Pulitzer Prize for ''Oklahoma!'' in 1944.
This musical, building on the innovations of the earlier ''Show Boat'', epitomized the development of the "book musical", a musical play where the songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story with serious dramatic goals that are able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter.〔Everett, p. 137, chapter by Riis, Thomas L., with Ann Sears and Everett〕 In addition, ''Oklahoma!'' features musical themes, or motifs, that recur throughout the work to connect the music and story.〔Wilk, Max. ''OK! The Story of Oklahoma!: A Celebration of America's Most Beloved Musical''. Rev. ed. New York: Applause Books, 2002. ISBN 1-55783-555-1〕〔Swain, Joseph P. ''The Broadway Musical: A Critical and Musical Survey''. Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2002, pp. 103–06〕 A fifteen-minute "dream ballet" reflects Laurey's struggle with her feelings about two men, Curley and Jud.
==Background==
By the early 1940s, Rodgers and Hammerstein were each well known for creating Broadway hits with other collaborators. Rodgers, with Lorenz Hart, had produced over two dozen musicals since the 1920s, including such popular successes as ''Babes in Arms'' (1937), ''The Boys from Syracuse'' (1938) and ''Pal Joey'' (1940).〔Secrest, pp. 403–04〕 Among other successes, Hammerstein had written the words for ''Rose-Marie'' (1924), ''The Desert Song'' (1926), ''The New Moon'' (1927) and ''Show Boat'' (1927). Though less productive in the 1930s, he wrote musicals, songs and films, sharing an Academy Award for his song with Jerome Kern, "The Last Time I Saw Paris", which was included in the 1941 film ''Lady Be Good''.〔(“Oscar Hammerstein II” ). Songwriters Hall of Fame, accessed December 22, 2010〕 By the early 1940s, Hart had sunk into alcoholism and emotional turmoil, and he became unreliable, prompting Rodgers to approach Hammerstein to ask if he would consider working with him.〔Layne, Joslyn. (Lorenz Hart Biography ), Allmusic, accessed December 22, 2010〕
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